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揭示中國崛起的真相

大家好!歡迎返到我哋嘅頻道。今日,我哋會分享《毛澤東之後的中國:一個強國崛起的真相》呢本書嘅幾個關鍵要點。呢本書由歷史學家馮客(Frank Dikötter)撰寫,深入分析咗中國從毛澤東去世到習近平上台之間嘅經濟同政治發展。

首先,馮客揭示,中國嘅經濟奇蹟唔係單純嘅成功故事,而係充滿矛盾和錯覺。雖然中國喺毛澤東之後取得咗驚人嘅經濟增長,但背後係嚴重嘅貧富差距同社會不平等。

第二,書中指出,中國政府喺推動經濟改革嘅同時,依然維持住強大嘅政治控制。經濟改革嘅主要目標唔係民主化,而係保持共產黨嘅權力壟斷。

第三,馮客強調,中國嘅經濟發展伴隨住大量嘅政治陰謀同權力鬥爭。從影子銀行到反腐運動,再到龐大的監控系統,呢啲都顯示出中國政府喺維持穩定同控制方面所付出嘅努力。

最後,馮客提醒讀者,要了解中國嘅真正發展,需要認清其社會和政治結構嘅複雜性。中國嘅經濟改革唔係簡單嘅市場化過程,而係一個充滿挑戰同轉變嘅旅程。

通過閱讀《毛澤東之後的中國:一個強國崛起的真相》,我哋可以更深入咁理解中國喺過去幾十年嘅發展歷程,同時睇清其背後嘅真相同挑戰。如果你覺得呢個視頻有幫助,請點贊、分享同訂閱我哋嘅頻道。多謝收睇!

C4 模型:可視化軟體架構

軟體架構是任何成功系統的核心,定義了其組件的結構及其互動方式。然而,向不同的利害關係人(如開發人員、業務分析師或高層管理人員)有效傳達架構信息往往是具有挑戰性的。由 Simon Brown 創建的 C4 模型,提供了一種輕量級但強大的框架,用於以結構化且可擴展的方式可視化軟體架構。該模型在四個抽象層次上提供系統化的方法:環境層(Context)容器層(Container)組件層(Component)程式碼層(Code)

環境層(Context)

環境層捕捉了系統的大圖景,回答了系統的功能、目的以及如何與外部實體互動的問題。這種高層次的概述非常適合高管或非技術相關的利害關係人,以了解系統的範圍和關鍵互動。例如,一個電子商務平台的環境圖可能會突出顧客、支付網關和運輸服務提供商的互動,清楚地呈現系統的環境與範圍。

容器層(Container)

容器層深入探討系統的構建模塊,例如應用程式、服務和數據庫,並關注它們的通訊機制。這一層面向需要了解系統結構及其組件如何交互的技術相關利害關係人。以同一個電子商務平台為例,容器圖可能會展示網頁應用、訂單管理後端服務以及數據庫及其通信協議。

組件層(Component)

組件層聚焦於個別容器的內部運作。這一層次的抽象突出了關鍵組件、其責任以及它們在容器內部的交互方式。例如,訂單管理服務可能包括“訂單處理器”、“支付整合模組”和“通知服務”等組件,詳細說明它們如何協作完成訂單處理並通知客戶。

程式碼層(Code)

程式碼層提供了最細緻的視圖,深入探討實現細節。雖然此層是可選的,但對於需要詳細了解源代碼結構(如類圖或特定模組中使用的方法)的開發團隊來說,它可能非常有用。使用 UML 或類似工具,可以可視化如“訂單處理器”類如何與數據庫倉儲進行交互等細節。

C4 模型的優勢在於,它在不同利害關係人之間提供了清晰的溝通,確保從高管到開發人員的所有人都能在適當的詳細程度上理解架構。它對不同規模的項目有良好的適應性,通過結構化圖表保持一致的溝通,並強調從高層次環境到低層次細節的抽象邏輯演進。這些特性使其成為團隊在架構決策上對齊的一個重要工具。

創建 C4 圖表的工具與最佳實踐

創建 C4 圖表可以使用 Structurizr、PlantUML 或通用圖表平台如 Lucidchart 或 Draw.io 等工具。採用 C4 模型的最佳實踐包括: - 從環境層開始,然後逐步深入。 - 保持圖表簡潔。 - 使用一致的符號。 - 結合反饋進行迭代。 - 與圖表一起記錄假設。

C4 模型是一種實用且有效的軟體架構溝通方式,能確保技術和非技術利害關係人之間的對齊。通過分層抽象並專注於要點,它在複雜性和清晰度之間建立了橋樑。無論您是開發人員、架構師,還是技術領導者,採用 C4 模型都可以顯著改善軟體系統的可視化和理解。開始在您的項目中使用它,親身體驗其帶來的好處吧!

生成式AI的風險與機會

大家好!歡迎返到我哋嘅頻道。今日,我哋會分享《Generative AI: The Insights You Need from Harvard Business Review》呢本書嘅幾個關鍵要點。呢本書由Harvard Business Review撰寫,探討咗生成式人工智能嘅風險、機會同如何應用喺日常生活和商業中。

首先,生成式人工智能唔只係提升生產力嘅工具,仲係創新嘅驅動力。書中指出,企業應該積極探索生成式AI,利用佢創造新嘅產品和服務。

第二,生成式AI可以大大改善知識工作,例如自動化重複性任務,讓人類可以專注於更複雜和創意性嘅工作。呢不但提升效率,仲可以帶嚟更高嘅工作滿足感。

第三,書中強調,喺應用生成式AI時,企業需要考慮道德問題,包括數據偏見同隱私問題。管理層應該制定清晰嘅政策和指南,確保技術嘅使用符合道德標準。

最後,生成式AI唔係萬能嘅,佢嘅成功取決於人類嘅監督和參與。企業需要培訓員工,確保佢哋能夠有效地使用和管理呢項新技術。

通過閱讀《Generative AI: The Insights You Need from Harvard Business Review》,我哋可以學到如何利用生成式人工智能嘅力量,創造更多機會同應對未來嘅挑戰。如果你覺得呢個視頻有幫助,請點贊、分享同訂閱我哋嘅頻道。多謝收睇!

Mastering Digital Leadership - Lessons on Lean Innovation and Continuous Learning from NUS-ISS

Last week, I completed the final presentation for the Master of Technology in Digital Leadership course at NUS-ISS, marking the end of an incredible two-year journey. This milestone reflects not only academic achievement but also a personal transformation. The lessons and insights gained during this program have been invaluable in shaping my understanding of leadership and innovation in a rapidly changing world.

One of the key takeaways from this journey is the importance of continuous learning and adapting to change. In today’s fast-moving technological landscape, innovation is not a one-time event but an ongoing process. Lean and experimentation principles have proven to be powerful tools for fostering innovation in any organization. These principles emphasize the need to test ideas quickly, learn from failures, and continuously improve. Organizations that embrace this approach can create long-term growth by unlocking the creativity and talent of their teams.

To drive meaningful innovation, it is essential to validate ideas early by engaging directly with customers. Asking simple but important questions—such as whether the problem is real, how it is being solved today, and whether a proposed solution is better—ensures efforts are focused on delivering real value. This approach minimizes wasted resources and increases the likelihood of success.

The program also highlighted that successful transformation begins with leadership. Leaders must inspire action, create space for experimentation, and encourage learning. Companies like GE and Airbnb have shown how fostering a culture of innovation and agility can lead to remarkable growth and resilience. Leadership drives change, but it also requires building systems and processes that make innovation a continuous and reliable effort.

As I reflect on this journey, I am reminded that the real challenge lies ahead. Technology and markets will keep changing, and organizations must develop the ability to adapt repeatedly. My goal is to apply these lessons to inspire teams, drive impactful changes, and build organizations that thrive on uncertainty and opportunity.

This two-year journey has been a transformative experience, but it is only the beginning. The commitment to learning, experimenting, and innovating will remain central to my approach as I embrace the challenges of the future.

科學揭示幸福的真諦

大家好!歡迎返到我哋嘅頻道。今日,我哋會分享《Happiness: Lessons from a New Science》呢本書嘅幾個關鍵要點。呢本書係由Richard Layard寫嘅,佢通過科學研究,揭示咗幸福嘅真正來源。

首先,Layard指出,雖然社會愈來愈富有,但人哋嘅幸福感卻冇隨之增加。佢認為,幸福唔單止來自物質,而係更多來自社會關係、心靈健康同工作滿足感。

第二,書中提到,減少焦慮和抑鬱對提升幸福感非常重要。心理健康係幸福嘅基礎,我哋應該重視心理健康嘅維護。

第三,Layard強調,慷慨和利他主義可以增加個人嘅幸福感。幫助他人唔單止令對方受益,仲可以帶嚟自己嘅滿足同快樂。

最後,佢提醒我哋,幸福唔係一時之間嘅狀態,而係一種持久嘅追求。保持積極嘅生活態度,培養興趣同愛好,係持續幸福嘅關鍵。

通過閱讀《Happiness: Lessons from a New Science》,我哋可以學到如何通過科學方法,實現更高嘅幸福感。如果你覺得呢個視頻有幫助,請點贊、分享同訂閱我哋嘅頻道。多謝收睇!

掌握數位領導力——來自NUS-ISS的精益創新與持續學習的啟示

上週,我完成了新加坡國立大學-資訊系統學院(NUS-ISS)數位領導力碩士課程的最終展示,標誌著這段令人難忘的兩年旅程的結束。這不僅是學術上的成就,更是一次個人的蛻變。在這個課程中學到的經驗和見解,對於在快速變化的世界中理解領導力和創新有著無比寶貴的作用。

這段旅程中最重要的收穫之一就是持續學習和適應變化的重要性。在當今快速發展的科技環境中,創新不再是一蹴而就的事件,而是一個不斷進行的過程。精益和實驗的原則已被證明是促進任何組織創新的強大工具。這些原則強調需要快速測試想法,從失敗中學習,並持續改進。那些擁抱這種方法的組織,能夠通過激發團隊的創造力和才能來實現長期增長。

為了推動有意義的創新,提前通過直接與客戶互動來驗證想法至關重要。詢問一些簡單但重要的問題——例如,這個問題是否真實存在?目前是如何解決的?所提出的解決方案是否更好?——能確保將精力集中於交付真正的價值。這種方法可以最大程度地減少資源浪費,並提高成功的可能性。

這個課程還強調了成功轉型的起點是領導力。領導者必須激勵行動,為實驗創造空間,並鼓勵學習。像通用電氣(GE)和Airbnb這樣的公司展示了如何通過培養創新和敏捷的文化來實現顯著的增長和韌性。雖然領導力是變革的推動者,但它也需要建立系統和流程,確保創新成為一個持續且可靠的努力。

回顧這段旅程,我深刻地意識到真正的挑戰還在前方。科技和市場將不斷變化,組織必須具備不斷適應的能力。我的目標是運用這些經驗教訓,啟發團隊,推動有影響力的變革,並建立在不確定性與機遇中蓬勃發展的組織。

這兩年的旅程是一段改變人生的經歷,但這僅僅是開始。對學習、實驗和創新的承諾,將繼續作為我迎接未來挑戰的核心方法。

如何掌握風險和機會

大家好!歡迎返到我哋嘅頻道。今日,我哋會分享《Same as Ever: Timeless Lessons on Risk, Opportunity and Living a Good Life》呢本書嘅幾個關鍵要點。呢本書係由Morgan Housel寫嘅,佢通過多個短篇故事,揭示咗人生中風險、機會同美好生活嘅永恆道理。

首先,Housel強調,了解歷史上唔變嘅人類行為對預測未來非常有用。通過認識這些不變嘅行為模式,我哋可以更好咁管理風險同抓住機會。

第二,書中提到,機會經常喺最不顯眼嘅地方出現。我哋需要保持開放嘅心態,樂於嘗試新事物,才能發現並抓住這些機會。

第三,Housel提醒我哋,生活中嘅許多挑戰和機會,其實都係一再重複嘅。只要我哋學會從過去嘅經驗中吸取教訓,就能更好咁應對未來嘅不確定性。

最後,佢強調,過上美好生活嘅關鍵係保持簡單同真誠。無論係面對風險定係機會,都要保持自己嘅價值觀同信念,唔好為咗短期利益而迷失自我。

通過閱讀《Same as Ever》,我哋可以學到如何通過認識不變嘅道理,來更好咁應對風險、抓住機會,同時過上美好嘅生活。如果你覺得呢個視頻有幫助,請點贊、分享同訂閱我哋嘅頻道。多謝收睇!

在困境中找到希望

大家好!歡迎返到我哋嘅頻道。今日,我哋會分享《最幽暗的天空 只為了成就最溫暖的陽光》呢本書嘅幾個關鍵要點。呢本書係由李專寫嘅,揭示咗點樣喺最困難嘅時候找到希望,同最終實現幸福。

首先,李專強調,人生中嘅困難同挫折係無可避免嘅。佢用“幽暗的天空”嚟形容我哋嘅困境,指出喺呢啲困難中,我哋要保持希望,因為呢啲經歷最終會帶領我哋走向更光明嘅未來。

第二,書中提到,我哋需要學會如何在困境中保持積極同樂觀嘅心態。呢唔單止有助於我哋克服困難,仲可以幫助我哋發掘潛在嘅機會,同時培養我哋嘅毅力和耐心。

第三,李專強調咗人際關係嘅重要性。佢指出,支持和關愛嘅家庭同朋友係我哋度過難關嘅重要力量。無論面對咩困難,我哋都應該珍惜同利用呢啲寶貴嘅支持系統。

最後,佢提醒我哋,要有耐心和毅力。即使喺最困難嘅時候,只要我哋堅持不懈,最終一定會找到屬於自己嘅“陽光”。

通過閱讀《最幽暗的天空 只為了成就最溫暖的陽光》,我哋可以學到如何喺困境中保持積極,並且找到屬於自己嘅幸福。如果你覺得呢個視頻有幫助,請點贊、分享同訂閱我哋嘅頻道。多謝收睇!

在困境中尋找幸福

大家好!歡迎返到我哋嘅頻道。今日,我哋會分享《幸福就是在沙漠流浪後找到綠洲》呢本書嘅幾個關鍵要點。呢本書係由李專寫嘅,揭示咗點樣通過在困境中尋找希望,達到幸福。

首先,李專強調,幸福唔係一帆風順,而係要經歷過困難和挑戰。佢用“沙漠”比喻人生中的困境,而“綠洲”就係我哋努力尋找嘅希望和目標。

第二,書中提到,我哋需要學會如何在困境中保持樂觀和積極嘅心態。呢唔單止有助於我哋克服困難,仲可以幫助我哋發掘潛在嘅機會。

第三,李專強調咗人際關係嘅重要性。佢指出,支持和關愛嘅家庭同朋友係我哋找到幸福嘅重要來源。即使喺最困難嘅時候,我哋都應該珍惜同利用呢啲寶貴嘅支持系統。

最後,佢提醒我哋,要有耐心和毅力。即使喺最困難嘅時候,只要我哋堅持不懈,最終一定會找到屬於自己嘅“綠洲”。

通過閱讀《幸福就是在沙漠流浪後找到綠洲》,我哋可以學到如何喺困境中保持積極,並且找到屬於自己嘅幸福。如果你覺得呢個視頻有幫助,請點贊、分享同訂閱我哋嘅頻道。多謝收睇!

Automating DNS Management in Kubernetes with ExternalDNS

ExternalDNS is a third-party, open-source tool designed to automate the management of DNS records for Kubernetes clusters. It integrates seamlessly with Kubernetes to dynamically update DNS records in response to changes in your cluster, enabling smooth automation of exposed services, APIs, and applications. Originally developed to support AWS Route53 and Google CloudDNS, it has since expanded to support a wide array of DNS providers, making it a versatile option for cloud-native environments.

Key Concepts in ExternalDNS

ExternalDNS operates by watching “source” Kubernetes resources—like Services, Ingresses, and Istio Gateways—that represent network endpoints. It reconciles these sources with DNS records through Kubernetes Controller patterns, ensuring that records are synchronized with the underlying infrastructure changes.

Types of Sources

The main types of source objects for ExternalDNS are: - Services (of type LoadBalancer): Commonly used for high-availability applications. - Ingresses: Manage access to services based on routing rules. - Custom Resources (CRDs): Extend ExternalDNS’s compatibility with other Kubernetes configurations.

Each source is associated with an ExternalDNS instance, which will reconcile these resources with a DNS provider based on specific annotations configured on the source.

- name: external-dns
  image: //third_party/docker:external_dns
  args:
    - --source=ingress
    - --source=service
Hostname Annotations

Once ExternalDNS detects a source, it requires a hostname to identify the DNS record pointing to this source. Hostname annotations facilitate this by specifying the record name.

metadata:
  annotations:
    external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname: api.example.io

This annotation instructs ExternalDNS to create or update a DNS record with api.example.io as the hostname.

DNS Providers and Integrations

ExternalDNS supports various DNS providers, making it a flexible choice for multi-cloud setups. DNS providers, or “integrations,” allow it to update records on platforms like AWS Route53, Google CloudDNS, and Azure DNS. Configuration for providers is specified as arguments to the ExternalDNS container:

- name: external-dns
  image: //third_party/docker:external_dns
  args:
    - --provider=aws

Policy and Registry in ExternalDNS

Policy Modes

Policies in ExternalDNS define how it interacts with DNS providers. The available policies include: - Sync: Supports create, update, and delete operations. - Upsert-only: Allows only create and update, preventing accidental deletions. - Create-only: Restricts operations to only creating new records.

Using the upsert-only policy ensures that DNS records are created or updated as needed without accidental deletions:

- name: external-dns
  image: //third_party/docker:external_dns
  args:
    - --policy=upsert-only
Registry Options

To maintain ownership and control over specific records, ExternalDNS maintains a registry that records its ownership. The TXT registry is a commonly used option, which adds a TXT record alongside DNS records managed by ExternalDNS. This TXT record identifies ownership, helping differentiate records created manually or by other tools like Terraform.

- name: external-dns
  image: //third_party/docker:external_dns
  args:
    - --registry=txt

Control Loops in ExternalDNS

ExternalDNS periodically reconciles DNS records to match the desired state specified by source objects. This reconciliation follows a control loop that can be set to run at defined intervals or respond to specific events: - Interval: Runs periodically across all sources, updating DNS records to the current state of Kubernetes objects. - Events: Triggers updates in response to specific changes in source objects, allowing for faster response times.

The following configuration sets a reconciliation interval of 10 minutes, with event-based updates:

- name: external-dns
  image: //third_party/docker:external_dns
  args:
    - --interval=10m
    - --events

Conclusion

ExternalDNS offers a powerful way to automate DNS record management in Kubernetes environments. By integrating with multiple DNS providers and offering flexible policies and registry options, it reduces the manual burden of DNS management and ensures records are always synchronized with service endpoints. ExternalDNS is a valuable tool in cloud-native setups, automating the exposure of essential services and APIs and maintaining operational efficiency across environments.